San Antonio’s Edwards Aquifer Hits Lowest Level Since 1990, Prompts Water Restrictions in Uvalde County, US

San Antonio’s main water source, the Edwards Aquifer, has dipped to its lowest level since 1990 due to years of drought and increased demand from a growing population. As a result, water restrictions have been implemented in Uvalde County, affecting Edwards groundwater permit holders who are now required to reduce their annual authorized pumping by 35%. The Edwards Aquifer Authority (EAA) is currently under a Stage 4 critical period management permit reduction for permit holders in Uvalde County. Water levels for the Edwards Aquifer are measured at the J-17 well, which has been providing continuous measurements of the aquifer since 1932. The recent measurements indicate the severity of the situation, with the lowest levels seen in over three decades. While the San Antonio Water System (SAWS) still maintains Stage 2 water restrictions for its customers, the utility assures that it can meet the EAA requirements through conservation and its diverse water supply portfolio. SAWS relies heavily on the Edwards Aquifer but also utilizes water from 14 different sources to ensure a reliable supply for its customers. To enforce the Stage 2 restrictions, SAWS officials have increased patrol and ticket citations in areas where water system tank levels drop unexpectedly. Offenders can face municipal court fines up to $150, and over 3,000 citations have already been issued for water waste this year. The extreme heat, lack of rain, and high customer demand have also resulted in numerous water pipe ruptures for SAWS. To address the situation, SAWS has deployed 52 crews working around the clock to repair main breaks as quickly as possible. The challenges faced by the Edwards Aquifer and SAWS highlight the growing concerns about securing a sustainable water future for the San Antonio – Austin mega-metro region. Climate change and rapid development are putting additional strain on water systems already facing significant pressures. The current water restrictions serve as a reminder of the importance of water conservation and the need for long-term sustainable practices. Adapting to the changing climate and managing water resources effectively are crucial steps for the San Antonio – Austin mega-metro region to ensure a reliable water supply for its growing population.