MIT researchers have developed a wearable ultrasound device that could potentially revolutionize early detection of breast cancer. When breast cancer is detected in the earliest stages, the survival rate is almost 100 percent. However, for tumors detected in later stages, the rate drops to around 25 percent. This emphasizes the need for improved detection methods and regular screenings for individuals at high risk.
The device, a flexible patch that can be attached to a bra, allows the user to move an ultrasound tracker across the patch, imaging the breast tissue from different angles. In a recent study, the researchers demonstrated that they were able to obtain ultrasound images with resolution comparable to medical imaging centers. This portable and user-friendly technology offers real-time monitoring of breast tissue, making it a valuable tool for detecting tumors at an early stage.
The inspiration behind the device came from the MIT researchers’ desire to improve breast cancer survival rates. Breast tumors that develop between routine mammograms, known as interval cancers, are more aggressive and account for 20 to 30 percent of all breast cancer cases. By targeting individuals at high risk for developing interval cancer, the researchers aim to increase the survival rate to as high as 98 percent.
To create a functional wearable device, the team designed a miniaturized ultrasound scanner using a novel piezoelectric material. This scanner can be placed inside a small tracker and moved to six different positions, allowing for complete breast imaging. The scanner can also rotate to capture images from various angles, and it does not require any specialized expertise to operate.
In a test using one human subject, the researchers successfully detected breast cysts as small as 0.3 centimeters in diameter, comparable to the size of early-stage tumors. The device achieved resolution similar to traditional ultrasound, and tissue could be imaged at a depth up to 8 centimeters.
The wearable ultrasound patch can be used repeatedly and provides an affordable and comfortable option for individuals at high risk for breast cancer. It also has the potential to help diagnose cancer in those who lack regular access to screening facilities. By eliminating the need for women to travel to imaging centers, this technology aims to break down barriers for early breast cancer detection.
Moving forward, the researchers plan to develop a workflow in which artificial intelligence analyzes changes in ultrasound images over time, potentially offering more accurate diagnostics than relying solely on radiologists. Furthermore, they are exploring the adaptation of ultrasound technology for scanning other parts of the body.
The research and development of this device were supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, a 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award, the Sagol Weizmann-MIT Bridge Program, and MIT Media Lab Consortium. The wearable ultrasound device holds immense promise for improving the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, ultimately increasing survival rates and transforming the field of ultrasound research and medical device design.
