The average litre of bottled water contains nearly a quarter million pieces of nanoplastics, according to a groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at Columbia and Rutgers universities. Using a microscope equipped with dual lasers, the scientists were able to detect and categorize these tiny plastic particles for the first time. The researchers examined five samples each from three popular bottled water brands and found that particle levels ranged from 110,000 to 400,000 per litre, with an average of around 240,000. These nanoplastics, which measure less than a micron in size, are 10 to 100 times more abundant than slightly larger microplastics previously studied in bottled water. While the exact brand names were not disclosed, the researchers emphasized that they were commonly available brands purchased from Walmart.
One of the key questions that remains unanswered is the potential health impact of these nanoplastics. The study’s co-author, toxicologist Phoebe Stapleton, stated that researchers are currently investigating whether these particles are dangerous and what effects they may have on cells. The International Bottled Water Association responded to the study by highlighting the lack of standardized measuring methods and scientific consensus on the health effects of nano- and microplastic particles. On the other hand, Denise Hardesty, an Australian government oceanographer specializing in plastic waste, stressed the significance of context, stating that the weight of the nanoplastic found in the study is roughly equivalent to a single penny’s weight in two Olympic-sized swimming pools.
The study’s authors, having conducted extensive research on the subject, have personally taken measures to reduce their own consumption of bottled water. They now urge others to consider using reusable bottles instead of single-use plastics. While the precise dangers of nanoplastics remain uncertain, some experts express concern about the potential risks associated with chemical additives found in these particles. Jason Somarelli, a professor of medicine and comparative oncology, emphasizes that nanoplastics can be internalized into cells and may cause cell stress, DNA damage, and changes in cell function. Meanwhile, Zoie Diana, an evolutionary biologist, warns that small particles can accumulate in different organs and potentially cross membranes they are not meant to, such as the blood-brain barrier.
Efforts to address plastic pollution continue on a global scale, with the United Nations Environment Programme estimating over 430 million tonnes of plastic produced annually. Nanoplastics have been found in the world’s oceans, food, and drinking water, adding urgency to the need for effective solutions. While this study sheds light on the prevalence of nanoplastics in bottled water, further research and replication of the technique are needed to fully understand the scope of the issue. As the scientific community works towards a better understanding of nanoplastic risks, individuals are encouraged to make conscious choices to minimize their plastic consumption and opt for sustainable alternatives.
