There has been a significant increase in the number of cases of the 100-day cough in the United Kingdom and Wales, a respiratory ailment also known as whooping cough. Medical experts have reported 716 cases between July and November, which is three times higher than the same period in 2022.
Whooping cough, officially known as pertussis, is caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria entering the lungs and airways. Although a vaccine introduced in the 1950s significantly reduced its prevalence, the disease can still affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. However, it is more commonly found in children under the age of five or those who have not undergone immunization.
The symptoms of the 100-day cough initially resemble those of a common cold, such as a runny nose and sore throat. As the infection progresses, a persistent and uncontrollable cough develops, often accompanied by violent coughing fits that make breathing difficult. In severe cases, the intense coughing can even lead to vomiting and, in rare instances, sore or fractured ribs.
The National Health Service (NHS) explains that the name whooping cough derives from the distinct whooping sound made after a bout of coughing, while 100-day cough refers to the lengthy duration the illness can last. Globally, pertussis remains a significant threat, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of children each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
The recent increase in whooping cough cases in the UK and Wales may be attributed to missed vaccination appointments, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine suggests that if pregnant women receive the vaccine, their protective antibodies can be passed on to their babies, preventing severe disease. However, data from the UK Health Security Agency reveals a decline in the maternal whooping cough vaccine program, with coverage rates at their lowest in seven years. Experts speculate that the pandemic and related social restrictions may have contributed to the decrease in vaccinations.
To prevent the 100-day cough, vaccination is the most effective measure. It is crucial for pregnant women to receive the vaccine and ensure their child receives the scheduled immunizations. If someone contracts the illness, they should seek medical advice and consider using a humidifier to alleviate breathing difficulties. Adequate rest, increased fluid intake, and over-the-counter pain relievers can also help manage symptoms. In severe cases, hospital treatment may be necessary, and antibiotics can be administered within three weeks of the infection to prevent further transmission.
As the UK experiences a significant rise in the number of whooping cough cases, it is essential for individuals to prioritize vaccination and follow the guidance of healthcare professionals. By taking proactive measures, such as maintaining vaccine schedules and seeking early treatment, the impact of the 100-day cough can be minimized, ultimately protecting vulnerable individuals and preventing the spread of the disease.
