Rare Flesh-Eating Bacteria Spreads in Eastern US: CDC Warning
Infections from a rare flesh-eating bacteria, known as Vibrio vulnificus, have been spreading in the Eastern United States, according to a recent warning issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While these infections were predominantly reported in the Gulf Coast, the CDC has observed an alarming eightfold increase in infections in the Eastern region from 1988 to 2018. Additionally, the geographic range of infections has been expanding by 30 miles every year. This year, the infections coincided with above-average coastal sea surface temperatures.
The CDC received reports of up to 200 cases of Vibrio vulnificus infections every year, with approximately one-fifth of these cases resulting in fatalities. Disturbingly, some individuals succumbed to the illness within just one or two days of exhibiting symptoms. The bacteria typically cause necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection, characterized by the death of flesh around an open wound. Many infected individuals require intensive care or even limb amputations. In severe cases, the infection progresses to a condition called necrotizing fasciitis, which poses a significant threat to life.
Healthcare providers are urged to consider Vibrio vulnificus as a potential cause of infected wounds, particularly in patients who have had exposure to warm coastal waters during the hotter months. Extreme weather events like coastal floods, hurricanes, and storm surges can result in coastal waters infiltrating inland areas, thus putting individuals at an increased risk of Vibrio wound infections. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals who have open wounds or cuts to avoid swimming in saltwater or brackish water. If a cut is sustained while in the water, it is advisable to exit the water immediately. The CDC recommends the use of waterproof bandages for added protection against the bacteria. Additionally, it is important to cook shellfish thoroughly before consumption and to wash hands with soap after handling raw shellfish.
Vibrio vulnificus primarily spreads through contact between an open wound and saltwater or brackish water. Person-to-person transmission has not been reported, but individuals with underlying health conditions such as liver disease, diabetes, or compromised immune systems are at a higher risk of developing wound infections. In about 10 percent of cases, the bacteria can also infect individuals who consume raw or undercooked shellfish.
The bacteria thrives in warmer waters, particularly between May and October, and is commonly found in low-salt marine environments like estuaries. Given these conditions, it is important for individuals to take necessary precautions to mitigate the risk of infection.
Several cases of Vibrio vulnificus infections have already been reported this year, including fatalities in various states. In New York, one death has been linked to the bacteria, while Connecticut reported two deaths. North Carolina and Florida have reported three and seven deaths, respectively.
As the spread of Vibrio vulnificus remains a concern, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take appropriate measures to protect themselves. By following the CDC’s recommendations and being vigilant, the risk of contracting this rare flesh-eating bacteria can be significantly reduced.
