Military Coups Surge in West and Central Africa: Is Democracy at Risk?
West and Central Africa have recently witnessed a surge in military coups, raising concerns about the stability of democracy in the region. With at least a dozen coups since 2020, the frequency of these takeovers is alarming. Experts believe that this part of Africa, known as the coup belt, stands at a crucial crossroads. Will more countries fall victim to military takeovers, or will they respond to the calls for better governance?
The most recent coup occurred in Gabon, just hours after President Ali Bongo Ondimba won a controversial third term in a criticized election. The coup leaders promptly placed Bongo under house arrest. This incident marks the 100th successful coup in post-colonial Africa. This growing trend of military takeovers renders many governments vulnerable and could lead to a domino effect across the region.
Experts point to various reasons behind these coups, including political corruption and economic hardships. However, poor institutional performance and the failure of elected governments to address jihadist violence in the Sahel region have been significant triggers for these takeovers. When governments fail to meet the expectations of their citizens, military intervention can be viewed favorably, as seen by the popular support for recent coups in Gabon and Niger.
Furthermore, resentment against former colonial powers, particularly France, has also been exploited by military juntas to legitimize their coups. The people perceive the military as a potential savior in times of political and economic turmoil. However, it is important to recognize that this support is often temporary, driven by a desire for better democratic governance rather than a rejection of democracy itself.
Regional organizations like the African Union and ECOWAS lack clear legal instruments to address leaders who manipulate constitutions to extend their stay in power. As a result, these organizations have lost credibility and trust among the public. Their traditional role as a deterrent to coups has diminished, leading to a resurgence in military takeovers.
Looking ahead, there is a growing concern that more African countries may succumb to military rule. Togo, Chad, and even Zimbabwe are identified as potential hotspots. To avoid further instability, it is essential for developed nations and their allies to reconsider their exploitative engagement with Africa. By addressing neocolonial tendencies, they can help uphold democratic processes on the continent.
In conclusion, the surge in military coups in West and Central Africa raises questions about the future of democracy in the region. While factors like corruption and economic hardship contribute to these takeovers, the failure of governments to address key issues and the people’s resentment towards neocolonial influences have fueled the recent surge. Regional organizations must regain credibility, and developed nations should reassess their engagement to deter further coup attempts. Striving for better democratic governance is the key to stability in West and Central Africa.
