There was an uptick in the number of infections with deadly flesh-eating bacteria along the East Coast of the United States last summer, according to new data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Experts are warning that this rare problem could become more common as warming global temperatures help the pathogen thrive and expand its range into new areas.
The bacteria responsible for these infections is known as V. vulnificus. It lives in moderately salty or brackish waters like estuaries and coastal waters and thrives in warm conditions. People can become infected through contaminated seafood or through wounds, bites, and cuts coming into contact with seawater. Raw oysters have been identified as a common source of infection, and individuals can also acquire it through cuts when handling raw seafood.
To avoid infections with this flesh-eating bacteria, experts advise taking precautions to prevent wounds from coming into contact with brackish water, salt water, or raw seafood. This could occur during activities such as swimming, fishing, or walking on the beach. Additionally, during and after storm surges, hurricanes, and coastal flooding, there is an increased risk of infection. The CDC recommends covering wounds, including new piercings or tattoos, with a waterproof bandage. Thoroughly washing any wounds that come into contact with these waters using soap and water is also crucial.
Although there are around 150-200 V. vulnificus infections reported in the U.S. every year, the number of cases is considerably higher along the Gulf Coast states, where waters tend to be warmer. However, infections have begun to increase along the East Coast, rising eightfold in recent decades due to warming temperatures. V. vulnificus is a part of the same bacterial family as the pathogen responsible for cholera. While rare, infections can be life-threatening and even cause necrotizing fasciitis, commonly known as a flesh-eating infection. The mortality rate from these infections is as high as one in five people, sometimes leading to death within just a day or two of falling ill.
Mild infections typically include symptoms such as diarrhea, chills, stomach cramps, and vomiting. Skin infections often result in blisters, swelling, and tissue destruction. Severe cases can lead to blood stream infection or septicemia, which can be fatal. Timely treatment with antibiotics can be effective, although surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or even amputate affected limbs.
Vibrio bacteria, which V. vulnificus is a part of, are responsible for around 80,000 illnesses reported in the U.S. each year. While V. vulnificus infections make up a small fraction of these cases, they are notable for their severity and life-threatening consequences.
The rise in these infections along the East Coast is a concerning trend that scientists attribute to warming temperatures enabling the bacteria to thrive in new areas. As global warming continues, it is crucial to raise awareness about the risks and encourage individuals to take precautions to protect themselves while enjoying coastal areas and consuming seafood. Understanding the transmission routes and symptoms of these infections will aid in early detection and prompt treatment, potentially saving lives.
In conclusion, the increasing number of flesh-eating infections caused by V. vulnificus along the East Coast is linked to global warming, which provides favorable conditions for the bacteria to thrive. By understanding the risks associated with contaminated seafood and contact with brackish or salt water, individuals can take necessary precautions to prevent infection. Prompt medical attention is vital if symptoms occur, as early treatment can greatly improve outcomes. Efforts must be made to monitor and mitigate the spread of these infections, ensuring the safety of coastal communities and individuals enjoying recreational activities in these areas.
