Incidence of early-onset cancer has risen by a staggering 79 percent worldwide over the past 30 years, a new study reveals. Published in the BMJ Oncology journal, the study examined data from 204 countries and regions, covering 29 different types of cancer, from 1990 to 2019.
The study found that the number of newly diagnosed cases of early-onset cancer increased from 1.82 million in 1990 to 3.26 million in 2019. Moreover, there was a significant rise of 28 percent in cancer-related deaths among individuals under the age of 50, with the global figure increasing from 830,000 to 1,060,000.
In terms of specific cancer types, breast cancer accounted for the highest number of early-onset cases in 2019. Meanwhile, prostate and windpipe cancers experienced the largest increase since 1990, while liver cancers showed a decline. Overall, individuals in the 40-49 age bracket had the highest incidence of early-onset cancer.
While this increase may seem alarming, Professor Dorothy Bennett of St George’s, University of London, pointed out that it needs to be considered in context. The global population has grown by 46 percent over the same period, which partly explains the higher number of cases. Additionally, the study’s authors acknowledged that the accuracy of the data was limited due to the varying quality of cancer registries across different countries.
The study’s findings challenge the traditional perception of typical adult cancers occurring in those above 50 years of age. An editorial accompanying the study emphasized the importance of raising awareness among both the public and healthcare professionals about the possibility of certain cancers in younger adults. Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in improving outcomes.
While lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use have been identified as key underlying causes of early-onset cancers, the editorial highlighted that a comprehensive understanding of the driving factors behind these trends is still elusive. Areas of research that may shed light on the causes of early-onset cancer include the impact of frequent antibiotic use, the gut microbiome, and exposure to air pollution.
The editorial also drew attention to the future burden on healthcare systems, which are already grappling with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. It called for countries to tailor their prevention strategies based on the specific characteristics of early-onset cancer and consider expanding early screening and prevention programs. Encouraging a healthy lifestyle was also suggested as a way to reduce the disease burden associated with early-onset cancer.
In conclusion, the study’s findings underscore the worrisome increase in early-onset cancer cases globally. The research serves as an important reminder to prioritize education, early detection, and prevention strategies. As the world continues to grapple with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the growing burden of early-onset cancer is crucial for public health.
