On 7 November 2023, the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) organized a workshop titled ‘Generative AI: opportunities, risks and challenges.’ This event brought together experts, policymakers, and civil society representatives to delve into the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs).
STOA Vice-Chair Ivars Ijabs kicked off the workshop by recognizing the breakthrough in LLMs, citing the release of Chat GPT as a significant technological advancement in 2022. While Chat GPT presents numerous opportunities in various sectors, such as education and industry, it also poses challenges in terms of data governance and its impact on the job market. Ijabs emphasized the importance of the EU actively participating in the AI revolution to ensure economic prosperity and competitiveness.
During the workshop, the first panel focused on the technological aspects of AI. Professor Jan Hajič provided an overview of different AI models, including single-task applications, machine learning-based systems for speech recognition, and generative systems that produce complete texts. The panelists discussed current trends, the lifecycle of AI technology, and its wide range of applications. Multilingualism, translation systems, and digital language equality were also explored, highlighting the need for digital training techniques and accessible data and infrastructure. Furthermore, the panel emphasized the importance of considering risks and opportunities based on user categories and the significance of public acceptance, which is closely tied to adequate training. Disinformation, the Digital Services Act, risk assessment, and measures to mitigate risks such as fake news and copyright infringement were among the topics discussed. The consensus was that regulations should strike a balance between facilitating innovation and providing necessary safeguards.
Representing the European Commission, Yordanka Ivanova (DG CNECT) reflected on the decisions made during the drafting of the AI act, currently undergoing discussion. She stressed the importance of future-proof legislation that clearly defines terms, systems, opportunities, and risks, despite the challenges of dealing with emerging technologies like generative AI. Ivanova also mentioned the Commission’s plan to support AI excellence and development in the EU. With trilogue negotiations for the AI act reaching the final stage, she expressed confidence in reconciling the different approaches of the three institutions – the Commission, Parliament, and Council – and concluding negotiations by the end of the year. The proposed regulation encompasses various levels of risk and was designed broadly to remain applicable to future technological advancements. As systems like Chat GPT can be utilized in both low and high-risk applications, the Council’s common position proposes that providers share the necessary information to help users identify potential risks. The Parliament’s draft focuses on foundational models, design, and implementation, aiming to find a common approach that facilitates global convergence with international players.
The second panel turned its attention to the social and ethical implications of generative AI. Ana García Robles, Secretary General of the Big Data Value Association, stressed the importance of multidisciplinarity and the need for ethical design, deployment, and regulation of AI. The panel highlighted the impact of AI on European industrial development and the need to leverage its opportunities, including job creation, while addressing the associated challenges and risks. The panelists called for effective AI governance, regulations, and increased investment in research and development. Given that generative AI represents a technological breakthrough with unique regulatory challenges, legislators were urged to protect individuals by implementing independent audits and enforcing regulations.
Summing up the workshop, STOA Vice-Chair Ivars Ijabs underscored the significance of risk management in conjunction with development and innovation. He emphasized the importance of future‑proof regulation to establish public acceptance and trust in generative AI.
This workshop provided a platform for experts, policymakers, and civil society representatives to engage in critical discussions on the immense opportunities, risks, and challenges presented by generative AI. With AI technology rapidly advancing and its impact on various sectors, it is essential for the European Union to foster both innovation and effective regulations in order to thrive in the AI revolution.
