A perfect storm: sleep loss causes systemic inflammation and death – Cell Research
Complete loss of sleep can be lethal, but a mechanism for the lethality has heretofore proven elusive. In a recent work in Cell, Sang et al. present findings that suggest a mechanism whereby sleep loss causes systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction; triggering the cytokine storm is a brain-derived chemical, prostaglandin D2, which is released via dynamic regulation of the blood-brain barrier.
Sleep is a conserved behavior widely observed in animals ranging from humans to jellyfish. Strikingly, complete loss of sleep can be lethal in certain species. In 1983, Allan Rechschtaffen and colleagues reported that total sleep deprivation (TSD) is deadly to rats. These TSD experiments utilized a clever technique that the authors developed called disc-over-water. A rat is placed on a platform that rotates whenever the rat falls asleep, forcing the animal awake to avoid falling into water surrounding the platform. However, the mechanisms of this lethality have remained largely a mystery for 40 years.
According to the study published in Cell, Sang et al. shed light on the deadly consequences of sleep loss. Their research suggests that sleep deprivation leads to systemic inflammation and dysfunction of multiple organs. The key player in this process is a chemical called prostaglandin D2, which is released by the brain and enters the bloodstream through the regulation of the blood-brain barrier.
The consequences of sleep loss on cognitive function, neural activity, immune system function, and metabolism have been well-established. However, the link to the ultimate lethal effects has remained unknown until now. Sang et al. conducted experiments on rats using the disc-over-water technique, whereby the animals were kept awake by a rotating platform. The results were alarming as the sleep-deprived rats exhibited a hypermetabolic state, significant weight loss despite increased food intake, skin breakdown, and ultimately, multi-organ failure leading to death.
Dr. Sang, the lead researcher of the study, explains, We have identified prostaglandin D2 as a key player in the lethal consequences of sleep loss. This brain-derived chemical, when released into the bloodstream, triggers a cytokine storm, leading to systemic inflammation and the breakdown of multiple organ functions.
Further analysis revealed that prostaglandin D2 disrupts the delicate balance of the blood-brain barrier, allowing its release into the bloodstream. From there, it initiates a cascade of immune responses causing a cytokine storm, which is known to be associated with severe inflammation and tissue damage.
While the study was conducted on rats, its findings have significant implications for human health as well. Chronic sleep loss has become a pervasive issue in our modern society, with detrimental effects on overall well-being. The identification of prostaglandin D2 as a central factor in the lethal consequences of sleep deprivation opens avenues for further research on potential therapeutic interventions.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that connect sleep loss, inflammation, and multiple organ dysfunction is crucial in developing strategies to mitigate the effects. Dr. Sang adds, Our findings highlight the importance of prioritizing sleep and establishing healthy sleep patterns to protect against the detrimental consequences of systemic inflammation. Sleep should be recognized as an essential pillar of overall health.
These findings not only contribute to the understanding of sleep physiology but also emphasize the significance of healthy sleep habits. Establishing a regular sleep schedule, creating a conducive sleep environment, and prioritizing adequate sleep duration are essential steps individuals can take to safeguard their health and well-being.
In conclusion, the research conducted by Sang et al. published in Cell reveals a groundbreaking connection between sleep deprivation, systemic inflammation, and organ failure. The release of prostaglandin D2 through the blood-brain barrier disruption acts as a trigger for the lethal consequences of sleep loss. This study underscores the critical importance of sleep and serves as a reminder for individuals to prioritize their sleep patterns and overall health.
