Long-Term Use of Heartburn Medications Linked to Increased Risk of Dementia, Study Finds

Long-Term Use of Heartburn Medications Linked to Increased Risk of Dementia, Study Finds

Long-term use of certain medications to treat heartburn and acid-related disorders is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, new research shows. A study published in the journal Neurology found that individuals who took proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for approximately 4½ years or more had a 33 percent higher risk of developing dementia compared to those who did not take the medications. However, the study did not conclude that these medications directly cause dementia, but rather, there is an association between their use and a higher risk.

The research team analyzed data from over 5,700 participants who initially did not have dementia. The study adjusted for age, race, sex, and chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Participants using over-the-counter medications without a prescription were excluded from the study. The average age of participants was 75.

Proton pump inhibitors, including popular brands like Prevacid, Prilosec, and Nexium, are commonly used to manage symptoms of acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These conditions often lead to heartburn, regurgitation, and nausea, and can cause more serious complications such as difficulty swallowing or bleeding in the digestive tract. GERD is also associated with a slightly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer.

While previous studies have identified potential links between PPI use and other health issues such as stroke, bone fractures, and chronic kidney disease, this study aimed to investigate the medications’ association with dementia. The findings of this observational study add to the existing body of research on this topic, with some studies showing similar results and others finding no association.

The researchers suggested several potential pathways through which PPIs could impact dementia risk. PPI use may lead to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can be associated with cognitive decline. Additionally, studies on mice models have shown that PPI use may impair amyloid metabolism, resulting in increased levels of beta-amyloid in the brain. Furthermore, PPI use may affect the gut microbiome, potentially contributing to cognitive health issues.

It is worth noting that other factors, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, chronic stress, and sleep disturbances, could also contribute to dementia risk. People experiencing concerns about taking prescription or over-the-counter PPIs should consult their healthcare providers before discontinuing these medications, as sudden cessation could result in adverse symptoms.

Clinical guidance from the American Gastroenterological Association recommends that patients use these medications only when there is a reasonable expectation of benefit. They also suggest considering lifestyle modifications such as reducing intake of trigger foods, avoiding eating within three hours of bedtime, elevating the head of the bed, and weight loss.

In conclusion, long-term use of heartburn medications, specifically proton pump inhibitors, may be associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, further research is needed to fully understand the link between PPI use and cognitive decline. Patients taking these medications should consult with their healthcare providers to determine the best treatment options for their specific condition. It is essential to balance the potential risks and benefits of long-term medication use while considering lifestyle modifications to manage heartburn and acid-related disorders.