Cervical cancer, a menace within the field of women’s health, demands our attention and understanding. In India, cancer of the cervix uteri is the third most common cancer reported. The incidence rate stands at 18.3 per cent (which makes up to 123,907 cases) and is the second leading cause of death with a death rate of 9.1 per cent. As per reports, if cervical cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, there is a chance of a 5-year survival rate that is 91 per cent.
Dr Rohit Raghunath Ranade Consultant-Gynaecology – Oncology, Robotic Surgery Narayana Health City Bangalore shared with News9, Cervical cancer, primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), begins its insidious journey in the cervix – the lower part of the uterus. In its initial stages, the disease often lurks without manifesting overt symptoms. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears, play a crucial role in identifying abnormalities before they evolve into full-blown cancer.
According to Dr Ranade, Early diagnosis is the linchpin in the fight against cervical cancer. Regular screenings, including Pap smears and HPV tests, empower doctors to detect abnormalities at a precancerous stage. Colposcopy, a visual examination of the cervix, and biopsy are pivotal diagnostic tools providing a more in-depth analysis.
The advent of HPV vaccines has revolutionized cervical cancer prevention. Vaccination, ideally administered before the onset of sexual activity, protects against several high-risk HPV types. Additionally, practising safe sex, limiting sexual partners, and avoiding smoking contribute significantly to reducing the risk of cervical cancer.
Understanding the risk factors associated with cervical cancer is paramount. Persistent HPV infection, weakened immune system, smoking, long-term use of oral contraceptives, and a family history of cervical cancer are pivotal factors. Awareness of these elements allows for proactive measures and early intervention.
In terms of identifying cervical cancer, gynaecologists recommend looking out for subtle changes in menstrual patterns. Irregularities or bleeding between periods can be indicative of early cervical abnormalities. Persistent pelvic pain, especially during intercourse, warrants attention and medical evaluation. Moreover, changes in the colour, odour, or consistency of vaginal discharge may signal an underlying issue.
Dr Ranade emphasizes the importance of regular screenings and early detection to combat cervical cancer effectively. He advises women to undergo Pap smears, HPV tests, colposcopy, and biopsy to ensure abnormalities are detected early on. These diagnostic tools offer a comprehensive evaluation and enable appropriate medical intervention.
It is crucial for women to understand the risk factors associated with cervical cancer and take proactive measures to minimize the likelihood of developing the disease. By getting vaccinated against high-risk HPV types, practicing safe sex, limiting sexual partners, and avoiding smoking, women can significantly reduce their risk of cervical cancer.
In conclusion, cervical cancer is a prevalent concern that requires attention, awareness, and proactive action. Regular screenings, vaccinations, and understanding the risk factors associated with the disease play a crucial role in its prevention and early detection. By staying informed and taking appropriate measures, women can protect their health and well-being.
