A two-decade-old virus disease known as the Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEEV) has caused an outbreak in Argentina, posing a threat to both horses and humans. The virus, transmitted through mosquitoes, has led to 21 confirmed cases in the country. This alarming occurrence comes after a long period of no reported cases, prompting the government to alert the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and preventive measures.
WEE is a mosquito-borne infection that belongs to the Togaviridae virus family. It primarily affects horses, with passerine birds serving as reservoirs and intermediate hosts. Mosquitoes act as vectors for the virus, transmitting it to humans. While most cases are asymptomatic, severe neurological consequences may occur in rare instances. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific antiviral treatment available, making symptomatic care crucial, especially for neurological symptoms.
Since December 2023, there have been 21 confirmed human cases and 374 confirmed animal cases of WEEV in Argentina and Uruguay. The highest number of animal cases has been reported in the province of Buenos Aires. Out of 91 suspected cases tested in Argentina, 21 turned out to be positive, with eight individuals requiring intensive care, 13 in general hospitalization, and sadly, one resulting in fatality. The cases have been linked to various occupations and outdoor activities.
In response to the outbreak, PAHO/WHO has issued an alert stressing the risk of WEE spread in the Americas. To control the virus, enhanced surveillance, environmental modifications, vector control, and equine vaccination are of utmost importance. It is crucial to adopt a One Health approach that considers human, animal, and environmental factors to prevent further spread and protect public health.
The situation requires immediate attention and cooperation from health authorities, as well as active participation from individuals to minimize the risk of infection. Raising awareness about preventive measures and maintaining personal protection against mosquito bites, such as using insect repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants, can greatly reduce the chances of contracting the virus.
The outbreak serves as a reminder of the constant threat posed by mosquito-borne diseases and the importance of vigilance in monitoring and controlling such infections. By understanding the Western Equine Encephalitis Virus and implementing necessary measures, we can mitigate the impact on human and animal health, ensuring a safer environment for everyone.
As we navigate through this situation, it is essential to stay informed, adhere to guidelines provided by health authorities, and support ongoing efforts to combat the outbreak. Together, we can overcome this mosquito-borne threat and protect the well-being of individuals and animals alike.
